If you’re learning English at an A2 level, understanding Comparatives and Superlatives is crucial. These are essential tools that allow you to compare people, objects, and actions, making your communication more effective and engaging. Whether you’re describing something as bigger, faster, or better, these forms help you express differences and extremes in qualities. Let’s break down how to use them correctly and improve your English skills.
What Are Comparatives?
Comparatives are used to compare two things, people, or actions. When we want to show that one thing is different in some way, such as bigger, smaller, faster, or slower, we use a comparative form. They help us to highlight the differences between two entities.
How to Form Comparatives:
1. For adjectives with one syllable, we generally add “-er” to the adjective.
• Example: “small” becomes “smaller.”
• This box is smaller than that one.
• (Bu kutu o kutudan daha küçük.)
2. For adjectives that already end in “-e”, we only add “-r” to the end.
• Example: “nice” becomes “nicer.”
• He is nicer than his brother.
• (O, kardeşinden daha nazik.)
3. For adjectives with a short vowel followed by a consonant, we double the final consonant and add “-er.”
• Example: “big” becomes “bigger.”
• This building is bigger than the one next to it.
• (Bu bina yanındaki binadan daha büyük.)
4. For adjectives with two or more syllables, we don’t add “-er,” but instead use “more” before the adjective.
• Example: “beautiful” becomes “more beautiful.”
• The countryside is more beautiful than the city.
• (Kırsal, şehirden daha güzel.)
Comparing Two Things:
When using comparatives, we often include “than” to make a comparison between two things. For example:
• She is taller than her sister.
• (O, kız kardeşinden daha uzun.)
This structure shows the difference between the two subjects clearly.
What Are Superlatives?
Superlatives, on the other hand, are used to describe something that has the highest or lowest degree of a quality among three or more things. It shows that one thing is the best, the biggest, the smallest, etc., in comparison to a group.
How to Form Superlatives:
1. For adjectives with one syllable, we usually add “-est” to the adjective.
• Example: “small” becomes “smallest.”
• This is the smallest room in the house.
• (Bu, evdeki en küçük oda.)
2. For adjectives that end in “-e,” we add “-st” to the end.
• Example: “nice” becomes “nicest.”
• She is the nicest person I know.
• (O, tanıdığım en nazik insan.)
3. For adjectives with a short vowel followed by a consonant, we double the final consonant and add “-est.”
• Example: “big” becomes “biggest.”
• That’s the biggest dog I’ve ever seen.
• (Bu, şimdiye kadar gördüğüm en büyük köpek.)
4. For adjectives with two or more syllables, we use “the most” before the adjective.
• Example: “beautiful” becomes “the most beautiful.”
• She’s the most beautiful girl in the class.
• (O, sınıftaki en güzel kız.)
Superlatives in Context:
Superlatives usually come with the because they refer to something unique. We are saying this person, object, or action is at the top or bottom in a group of three or more:
• He is the tallest student in the class.
• (O, sınıftaki en uzun öğrenci.)
Irregular Comparatives and Superlatives
Some adjectives do not follow the regular pattern of adding “-er” or “more” for comparatives, and “-est” or “the most” for superlatives. These are called irregular adjectives, and they have special forms that you need to memorize.
Here are a few common examples:
• Good → better (comparative) → the best (superlative)
• This restaurant is better than the one we visited yesterday.
• (Bu restoran dün ziyaret ettiğimizden daha iyi.)
• It’s the best restaurant in the city.
• (Bu, şehirdeki en iyi restoran.)
• Bad → worse (comparative) → the worst (superlative)
• His exam results were worse than last time.
• (Onun sınav sonuçları geçen seferkinden daha kötü.)
• That was the worst day of my life.
• (Bu, hayatımın en kötü günüydü.)
• Far → farther/further (comparative) → the farthest/furthest (superlative)
• The park is farther than the library.
• (Park, kütüphaneden daha uzak.)
• This is the furthest I’ve ever walked.
• (Bu, şimdiye kadar yürüdüğüm en uzak mesafe.)
Common Mistakes to Avoid
1. Double Comparatives: Don’t use both “more” and “-er” together.
• Incorrect: She is more taller than me.
• Correct: She is taller than me.
• (Yanlış: O, benden daha fazla uzun. / Doğru: O, benden daha uzun.)
2. Superlatives without “the”: Always use “the” before superlatives because they refer to something unique.
• Incorrect: He is smartest student in the class.
• Correct: He is the smartest student in the class.
• (Yanlış: O, sınıftaki en akıllı öğrenci. / Doğru: O, sınıftaki en akıllı öğrenci.)
3. Irregular forms: Be careful with irregular adjectives like “good” and “bad,” as they don’t follow the standard rules.
Practice Makes Perfect!
Now that you know how to form and use comparatives and superlatives, try practicing them in everyday life. Compare things around you:
• My car is faster than yours, but yours is the most comfortable.
• (Benim arabam seninkinden daha hızlı, ama seninki en rahat olan.)
• This street is quieter than the last one.
• (Bu sokak, önceki sokaktan daha sessiz.)
Mastering comparatives and superlatives will help you describe the world around you with precision and confidence. Keep practicing, and soon these structures will become second nature to you. Happy learning!
Exercise 1: Form the Comparative
Change the adjective in parentheses to its correct comparative form and complete the sentence.
1. This road is ___________ (narrow) than the one we took yesterday.
2. My dog is ___________ (friendly) than my cat.
3. Summer is ___________ (hot) than winter.
4. This problem is ___________ (easy) than the last one.
5. My sister’s hair is ___________ (long) than mine.
Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks with Comparatives or Superlatives
Choose the correct form of the adjective (comparative or superlative) to complete the sentence.
1. She’s ___________ (tall) than her brother.
2. That was ___________ (bad) movie I’ve ever seen.
3. This is the ___________ (good) pizza in town!
4. My computer is ___________ (fast) than yours.
5. He’s the ___________ (smart) student in our class.
Exercise 3: Choose the Correct Comparative or Superlative
Select the correct option in parentheses to complete the sentence.
1. The weather today is (colder / coldest) than yesterday.
2. This is the (funniest / funnier) joke I’ve ever heard.
3. My house is (bigger / biggest) than yours.
4. He is (more intelligent / most intelligent) than his classmates.
5. This is the (most expensive / more expensive) restaurant in the city.
Exercise 4: Irregular Comparatives and Superlatives
Fill in the blanks with the correct irregular comparative or superlative forms.
1. His results are ___________ (good) than mine.
2. Today was the ___________ (bad) day of the year.
3. This mountain is ___________ (far) than the one we climbed yesterday.
4. She’s the ___________ (best) player on the team.
5. That was ___________ (bad) than I expected.
Exercise 5: Create Your Own Sentences
Write your own sentences using the following adjectives in the comparative and superlative forms.
1. Happy
• Comparative: _____________________________________
• Superlative: ______________________________________
2. Expensive
• Comparative: _____________________________________
• Superlative: ______________________________________
3. Interesting
• Comparative: _____________________________________
• Superlative: ______________________________________
#bolu #boludilkursu #ingilizce #comparatives #superlatives #boluingilizcekursu #learnonline #practice
Comments